Set deadlines for submission of Congresss budgets. Created Congressional Budget Office (CBO) to counter the power of the presidents OMB.
Part of Johnsons Great Society to end racial discrimination. It was amended during the House debate to include discrimination based on gender. Good example of Federal government preempting state laws and practices.
Made it illegal to place obscene material on the internet where they can be retrieved by minors. The Supreme Court in 1997, in Reno v. ACLU, ruled certain provisions of this act unconstitutional.
Made it illegal to base an employees salary on race, gender, religion, or national origin. Significant to womens movement and struggle for black civil rights.
All candidates for federal office must report sources of income, lobbyists must register with federal government, individual contributions limited to $1000 per candidate each election, PACs legalized and limited to $5000, public funds available for presidential candidates (if accepted, overall spending is limited). Weaknesses: increased PACs and soft money contributions.
Gave president (Johnson) power to send unlimited number of troops for unlimited time. Later limited by War Powers Act. Enormous boost to imperial presidency.
Mandated that the budget deficit be lowered each year until the budget deficit was balanced in 1991. Across the board cuts in most all government programs except entitlements. Was not successful because Congress failed to spend within limits.
Using the commerce clause, Congress ordered schools free from guns. Declared unconstitutional in Lopez v. US as an unreasonable application of commerce clause. Example of Conservative court unwilling to infringe upon state discretionary power.
Severely limited political activities of federal bureaucrats. Revised in 1993 to allow them to do most political activities except for running as candidates in partisan elections.
No institution of higher learning that receives federal funding may discriminate on the basis of gender. Schools forced to increase funding of womens programs, especially sports programs.
Gave some congressional control over CIA. Part of Congresss attempt to reign in the Imperial Presidency.
Set the foundation for our judicial system; established federal court system. This act permitted mandamus cases to come to the Supreme Court in its original jurisdiction. This part of the act was famously struck down by John Marshall in Marbury v. Madison.
Overhauled federal bureaucracy by replacing the spoils system with the merit system. Began Civil Service Commission to screen applicants.
The courts attempt to re-establish the compelling interest test to determine extent of free exercise clause. It allowed the practice of religion unless the state had a compelling interest to restrict it. The RFRA was struck down as unconstitutional by the Supreme Court in 1997.
Placed limits on Congress in an attempt to reduce the number of unfunded mandates imposed upon states by federal government. Federal government must consider costs to states. Unfunded mandates decreased but did not end.
Removed any restrictions that prevented blacks from voting or that diluted their voting power. Gave the Federal government unprecedented power to oversee the voting process, a power traditionally belonging to the states.
Required states to create majority-minority congressional districts (some of which were declared unconstitutional and modified by Shaw and Miller cases.) Number of minorities in House of Representatives when up.
Types of Bureaucratic Agencies The
Using the commerce clause, Congress ordered schools free from guns. Declared unconstitutional in Lopez v. US as an unreasonable application of commerce clause. Example of Conservative court unwilling to infringe upon state discretionary power.
Made it illegal to place obscene material on the internet where they can be retrieved by minors. The Supreme Court in 1997, in Reno v. ACLU, ruled certain provisions of this act unconstitutional.
Severely limited political activities of federal bureaucrats. Revised in 1993 to allow them to do most political activities except for running as candidates in partisan elections.
Set the foundation for our judicial system; established federal court system. This act permitted mandamus cases to come to the Supreme Court in its original jurisdiction. This part of the act was famously struck down by John Marshall in Marbury v. Madison.
Part of Johnsons Great Society to end racial discrimination. It was amended during the House debate to include discrimination based on gender. Good example of Federal government preempting state laws and practices.
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